Molecular Characterization of Penicillium expansum Isolated from Grapes and its Management by Leaf Extract of Chenopodium murale

Penicillium expansum Link causes an economically important postharvest blue mold disease in a number of fruits and vegetables. In the present study, this fungus was isolated from rotted grapes identified on morphological basis. Identification pathogen further confirmed molecular basis by using four different primer pairs namely ITS, β-tubulin, CMD CF under accession numbers MN752155, MN787831, MN787832 MN787833, respectively. Leaf extract Chenopodium murale assessed for its potential to control vitro growth P. expansum. For purpose, leaves were extracted methanol after evaporation solvent, resulting successively partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate n-butanol followed antifungal bioassays concentrations (1.562 200 mg mL-1) each organic solvent fraction. Although all fractions variably controlled fungal pathogen, however, fraction showed highest activity causing 45–86% reduction biomass pathogen. Ethyl also highly reduced 44–81%. Chloroform n-hexane comparatively less effective 30–72% 11–44%, This study concludes that are nature against